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Indian Constitution Preamble, History, Features, Objectives
The largest constitution of the world, Indian Constitution, features, history, details
Preamble:-
The Preamble to Indian constitution is based on “Objective Resolution” of Nehru. Jawaharlal Nehru introduced an objective resolution on December 13, 1947, and it was adopted by Constituent Assembly on 22 January 1947. The preamble is an elaborate statement at the beginning of any document. It gives the underlying philosophy of the document and objectives enshrined in it. The preamble to the constitution of India gives the source of authority to the constitution, the ideals and objectives of the constitution, type of polity of the Indian union.
History:-
| 1946 | Britain decides on to grant independence to India and cabinet mission is dispatched to India to discuss modalities for transfer of power |
| 14 August 1947 | Proposal for the creation of committees is tabled |
| 29 August 1947 | Drafting committee is established |
| 6 December 1947 | Constituent Assembly formally convenes for the first time, following elections, to start the process of writing a constitution. |
| 4 November 1947 | Draft is finalized and submitted |
| 1948 – 1949 | Constituent Assembly meets in sessions open to the public |
| 26 November 1949 | Constituent Assembly adopts final draft making it official |
| 26 January 1950 | Entry into force of the new constitution |
The objective of the Constitution of India is to establish a society where there is:
- Justice - social, economic and political
- Liberty - thought, expression, faith, belief, and worship
- Equality - of status and of opportunity, and
- Fraternity - among all
- Feature:-
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The bulkiest constitution of the world
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Rigidity and flexibility
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The parliamentary system of government
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A federal system with a unitary bias
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Fundamental rights and fundamental duties
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Directive principles of state policy
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Secularism
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Independent judiciary
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Single citizenship
The Indian constitution provides a single citizenship for all the people residing in different parts of the country and there is no separate citizenship for the states (Article 5–11).
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Bicameral legislatures
The Indian constitution provides bicameral legislatures at center consisting of Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and Lok Sabha (House of the People)(Article 79).
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Emergency powers
The constitution vests extraordinary powers, known as Emergency Powers in the President during emergencies out of armed rebellion or external aggression or due to the failure of constitutional machinery in the state (Article 352–360).
and, Special provisions for minorities
